Difference between revisions of "List of some PIM use independent of patient conditions and diagnosis (drugs with ADE severity rating of HIGH only)"

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  -- Some Drugs are no longer in use
 
  -- Some Drugs are no longer in use
 
  -- All Drugs below are marked with HIGH Concern
 
  -- All Drugs below are marked with HIGH Concern
  -- The patient has no other conditions beside the one intended to be treated with the drugs below
+
  -- The decision is independent of the patient current diagnoses or conditions.
  
 
'''The Rule'''
 
'''The Rule'''

Revision as of 03:18, 8 June 2006

Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Older Adults: 65 and Older - Independent of Diagnoses or Conditions - Based on 2000 Upated Beers Criteria (drugs with ADE severity rating of HIGH only)

Also See Information about Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Older Adults: 65 and Older Based on Updated Beers Criteria


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CDS

Medication-Based Safety Rules


The list of drugs and drug-classes below have Concerns that Marked with HIGH in regard to prescribe to Older Adults: 65 and Older Based on 2000 Updated and revised Beers Criteria Independent of Diagnoses or Conditions.

The following rule is derived for the medications below:

Assumptions and conditions

-- Based on 2000 Updated and revised Beers Criteria
-- Drugs or Drug-Classes utilized by the rule are the "Generic" names
-- Some Drugs are no longer in use
-- All Drugs below are marked with HIGH Concern
-- The decision is independent of the patient current diagnoses or conditions.

The Rule

Rule Title: Inappropriate Medications for Older Adults: 65 and Older
Evoking Event: Prescribe new drug OR Add new drug OR Change current Drug
Conditions
If the patient is male or female and is 65 years or older
And
If the patient has no other conditions 
And
If the drug being prescribed is from the list below
And
If patient has no allergy to this drug
   Else: This is a drug-allergy interaction
And
If patient is not on any other drugs that are contradicting to this drug
   Else: This is a drug-drug interaction
And
If the drug is dose Independent) 
   OR (If the drug is dose dependent AND the dose intended is greater than or  equal to the dose listed in  
      the table))
Then
1 - The decision to prescribe the drug should be re-evaluated as the order has a HIGH potential for being used
    inappropriately in older adults.  
2 - Use The ALTERNATIVE Drug or The ALTERNATIVE Dose   

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CDS

Medication-Based Safety Rules


References

Donna M. Fick, PhD, RN, et al. Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults:Results of a US Consensus Panel of Experts. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003;163:2716-2724


Aiman Alrawabdeh 5/28/2006


== ==
Drugs By Generic Name
Drug Name (Generic) Drug Name (Brand Name) Doses, Exceptions & Other Concerns and Rules Alternative Drug Alternative Dose
Amiodarone Cordarone NA Associated with QT interval problems and risk of provoking torsades depointes. Lack of efficacy in older adults. TBDTBD
Amitriptyline Elavil NA Because of its strong anticholinergic and sedation properties, amitriptyline is rarely the antidepressant of choice for elderly patients. TBDTBD
Chlordiazepoxide-amitriptyline Limbitrol NA Because of its strong anticholinergic and sedation properties, amitriptyline is rarely the antidepressant of choice for elderly patients. TBDTBD
Chlorpropamide Diabinese NA It has a prolonged half-life in elderly patients and could cause prolonged hypoglycemia. Additionally, it is the only oral hypoglycemic agent that causes (SIADH:syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretionl). TBDTBD
Desiccated thyroid Desiccated thyroid NA Concerns about cardiac effects. Safer alternatives available. TBDTBD
Disopyramide Norpace NA Of all antiarrhythmic drugs, this is the most potent negative inotrope and therefore may induce heart failure in elderly patients. It is also strongly anticholinergic. Other antiarrhythmic drugs should be used. TBDTBD
Disopyramide CR Norpace CR NA Of all antiarrhythmic drugs, this is the most potent negative inotrope and therefore may induce heart failure in elderly patients. It is also strongly anticholinergic. Other antiarrhythmic drugs should be used. TBDTBD
Doxepin Sinequan NA Because of its strong anticholinergic and sedating properties, doxepin is rarely the antidepressant of choice for elderly patients. TBDTBD
Fluoxetine Prozac Daily Dose Long half-life of drug and risk of producing excessive (CNS:central nervous system) stimulation, sleep disturbances, and increasing agitation. Safer alternatives exist. TBDTBD
Flurazepam Dalmane NA This benzodiazepine hypnotic has an extremely long half-life in elderly patients (often days), producing prolonged sedation and increasing the incidence of falls and fracture. Medium- or short-acting benzodiazepines are preferable. TBDTBD
Guanadrel Hylorel NA May cause orthostatic hypotension. TBDTBD
Guanethidine Ismelin NA May cause orthostatic hypotension. Safer alternatives exist. TBDTBD
Indomethacin Indocin NA Of all available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, this drug produces the most (CNS:central nervous system) adverse effects. TBDTBD
Indomethacin Indocin SR NA Of all available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, this drug produces the most (CNS:central nervous system) adverse effects. TBDTBD
Ketorolac Toradol NA Immediate and long-term use should be avoided in older persons, since a significant number have asymptomatic (GI: gastrointestinal) pathologic conditions. TBDTBD
Mellaril Mellaril NA Greater potential for (CNS:central nervous system) and extrapyramidal adverse effects. TBDTBD
Meperidine Demerol NA Not an effective oral analgesic in doses commonly used. May cause confusion and has many disadvantages to other narcotic drugs. TBDTBD
Meprobamate Equanil NA This is a highly addictive and sedating anxiolytic. Those using meprobamate for prolonged periods may become addicted and may need to be withdrawn slowly TBDTBD
Meprobamate Miltown NA This is a highly addictive and sedating anxiolytic. Those using meprobamate for prolonged periods may become addicted and may need to be withdrawn slowly TBDTBD
Mesoridazine Serentil NA (CNS:central nervous system) and extrapyramidal adverse effects. TBDTBD
Methyldopa Aldomet NA May cause bradycardia and exacerbate depression in elderly patients. TBDTBD
Methyldopa-hydrochlorothiazide Aldoril NA May cause bradycardia and exacerbate depression in elderly patients. TBDTBD
Methyltestosterone Android NA Potential for prostatic hypertrophy and cardiac problems TBDTBD
Methyltestosterone Testrad NA Potential for prostatic hypertrophy and cardiac problems TBDTBD
Methyltestosterone Virilon NA Potential for prostatic hypertrophy and cardiac problems TBDTBD
Mineral oil Mineral oil NA Potential for aspiration and adverse effects. Safer alternatives available. TBDTBD
Nifedipine Adalat Short acting doses Potential for hypotension and constipation. TBDTBD
Nifedipine Procardia Short acting doses Potential for hypotension and constipation. TBDTBD
Nitrofurantoin Macrodantin NA Potential for renal impairment. Safer alternatives available. TBDTBD
Orphenadrine Norflex NA Causes more sedation and anticholinergic adverse effects than safer alternatives. TBDTBD
Pentazocine Talwin NA Narcotic analgesic that causes more (CNS:central nervous system) adverse effects, including confusion and hallucinations, more commonly than other narcotic drugs. Additionally, it is a mixed agonist and antagonist. TBDTBD
Perphenazine-amitriptyline Triavil NA Because of its strong anticholinergic and sedation properties, amitriptyline is rarely the antidepressant of choice for elderly patients. TBDTBD
Ticlopidine Ticlid NA Has been shown to be no better than aspirin in preventing clotting and may be considerably more toxic. Safer, more effective alternatives exist. TBDTBD
Trimethobenzamide Tigan NA

One of the least effective antiemetic drugs, yet it can cause extrapyramidal adverse effects.

TBDTBD
====
Drugs By Drug Classes
Drug Class Done DependentDoses, Exceptions & Other Concerns and Rules Alternative Drug Alternative Dose
Amphetamines and Amphetamines agents NO Excluding:Methylphenidate hydrochloride and Anorexics These drugs have potential for causing dependence, hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction. CNS:central nervous system) stimulant adverse effects. TBDTBD
Anorexic agents NO NA These drugs have potential for causing dependence, hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction. TBDTBD
Anticholinergics and antihistamine

Hydroxyzine:Atarax

Diphenhydramine:Benadryl

Chlorpheniramine:Chlor-Trimeton

Cyproheptadine:Periactin

Promethazine:Phenergan

Dexchlorpheniramine:Polaramine

Tripelennamine:Tripelennamine

Hydroxyzine:Vistaril

NO NA All nonprescription and many prescription antihistamines may have potent anticholinergic properties. Nonanticholinergic antihistamines are preferred in elderly patients when treating allergic reactions. TBDTBD
Barbiturates NO All type except phenobarbital Except when used to control seizures Are highly addictive and cause more adverse effects than most sedative or hypnotic drugs in elderly patients.


TBDTBD
Benzodiazepines

Lorazepam:Ativan

Triazolam:Halcion

Temazepam:Restoril

Oxazepam:Serax

Llprazolam:Xanax

Yes Doses of short-acting

For doses greater than 3 mg

For doses greater than 0.25 mg

For doses greater than 15 mg

For doses greater than 60 mg

For doses greater than 2 mg

Because of increased sensitivity to benzoadiazepines in elderly patients, smaller doses may be effective as well as safer. Total daily doses should rarely exceed the suggested maximums. TBDTBD
Gastrointestinal antispasmodic drugs

Dicyclomine:Bentyl

Hyoscyamine:Levsin

Hyoscyamine:Levsinex

Clidinium-chlordiazepoxide:Librax

Propantheline:Pro-Banthine

Belladonna alkaloids:Donnatal

No NA (GI: gastrointestinal) antispasmodic drugs are highly anticholinergic and have uncertain effectiveness. These drugs should be avoided (especially for long-term use). TBDTBD
Muscle relaxants and antispasmodics

Oxybutynin XL:Ditropan XL

Oxybutynin:Ditropan

Cyclobenzaprine:Flexeril

Chlorzoxazone:Paraflex

Methocarbamol:Robaxin

Metaxalone:Skelaxin

Carisoprodol:Soma

No NA Most muscle relaxants and antispasmodic drugs are poorly tolerated by elderly patients, since these cause anticholinergic adverse effects, sedation, and weakness. Additionally, their effectiveness at doses tolerated by elderly patients is questionable. TBDTBD
Non–COX-selective NSAIDs (Non-Cyclooxygenase-Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Naproxen:Aleve

Naproxen:Avaprox

Oxaprozin:Daypro

Naproxen :Naprosyn

No Long-term use of full-dosage, longer half-life Have the potential to produce (GI: gastrointestinal) bleeding, renal failure, high blood pressure, and heart failure. TBDTBD
Stimulant Laxatives

Cascara sagrada:Cascara sagrada

Bisacodyl:Dulcolax

Neoloid:Neoloid

No Long-term use

Except in the presence of opiate analgesic use

May exacerbate bowel dysfunction. TBDTBD