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The FDA Critical Path Initiative
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In March of 2005, the Food and Drug Administration signaled a shift from its traditional approach to the evaluation and approval of medicines that will affect public health. It announced the approval of a genetic test called the Roche Amplichip that will help doctors determine which drugs will have fewer side effects and work better in patients.  In doing so, the FDA noted that the new test was part of the agency’s effort  to encourage the use of pharmacogenomics, or personalized medicine, which will “allow medicines to be uniquely crafted to maximize their therapeutic benefits and minimize their potential risks for each patient." 
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The announcement was part of a larger effort launched by the FDA called the Critical Path Initiative, a program that wants to use genetic tools, approaches to drug evaluation that rely on faster computers, new imaging techniques like molecular PET scans and electronic patient records to make personalized medicine part of the drug development process and the practice of medicine. 
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The ultimate goal is to speed the development of important new drugs to  market and at the same time insure that people get the medicines best for them. it’s 2003 white paper:  "Innovation/Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products."    The current regulatory approach is focused on ensuring that every product is safe and effective for the general population.  Such an approach makes failures likely for products that otherwise might actually be safe and effective for use by specific subpopulations or on an individualize basis. 
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As FDA  Deputy Comissioner, Dr.  Janet Woodcock has noted, the vision shaping the Critical Path is that “..we can get better outcomes for people and get a higher percentage of people who actually respond to any given treatment. Instead of your doctor telling you that 40% of the population responds to a drug, he can tell you that if you take this drug, you have a 90% chance of responding.
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Our vision is that there aren't bad drugs or good drugs. Instead, some drugs run into bad problems with a small subset of people. Instead of taking all those drugs off the market or putting warnings all over them, we need to make sure that people who are at high risk for a side effect don't get the drug in the first place.  Instead of taking all those drugs off the market or putting warnings all over them, we need to make sure that people who are at high risk for a side effect don't get the drug in the first place. “
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The tools – and several are already in use and in development -  to achieve this vision are already having a profound impact on research and to a less extent, the practice of medicine.  At the core of this transformation within the FDA and the medical research community is the development and use  of biomarkers.  Biomarkers are biological measurement of disease progression, pharmacology, or safety that can be used as basis for decision making in drug development or medical treatments. Because of advances in our understanding of how genetic variations shape response to medicines and disease, biomarkers that identify genetic variations in people has been identified by the FDA and the scientific community as an important new tool for the personalization of medicine. The key to this shift to targeted treatment is the continuing integrating of bioinformatics with electronic health records at the patient level.  Over the next decade, this confluence of technologies will they will will help screen out people according to who is likely to be respond to a treatment or possible side effects because of genetic variations.  They will be used to both develop new drugs and who should get them.  They will allow scientists and doctors to predict disease, prescribe medicines, sort out people according to the mechanism or path a disease uses to strike at patients and monitor the progression of illness.  And because the cost and speed of the computers required to collect and share such information is declining exponentially, the ability to use these tools to transform the Critical Path, the practice of medicine and the public health are great indeed.
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It should be noted that the FDA senior leadership is eager to partner with people who can help redesign and transform and inform the agency consistent with this new vision, emerging science and it's desire to capture the value of bioinformatics. Please contact me at bobgoldberg@yahoo.com for more information!!!
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Papers and Resources for More Information
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FDA White Paper  Innovation or Stagnation
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http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/criticalpath/whitepaper.html
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The FDA has also released a Critical Path Opportunities List, some of which deal with EPR, biobanking, biospecimens, etc. 
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The Critical Path (C-Path Institute)
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Headed up by world reknown pharmacologist and cardiologist Raymond Woosley, the Critical Path Institute was created by Dr. Woosley to serves as a "neutral ground" for scientists from the FDA, academia and industry to work together for the implementation of Critical Path activities as well as efforts designed to promote the use of bioinformatics and EPR to promote better clinical practice. 
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You can contact Ray directly at RWoosley@C-Path.org.  The website is
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http://www.C-Path.org
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Finally there is the group I am with, Center for Medicine in the Public Interest (CMPI).  We work with Ray and the FDA to help promote a more preventive and predictive health care system. We are more than happy to be a showcase or resource for interested and interesting individuals and parties.  We plan to advance the importance of the Critical Path and its application to the policy world.  My email is above and you can contact the President of CMPI, Peter Pitts (a former FDAer himself) a ppitts@cmpi.org.
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=The Clinical Informatics Wiki -- Clinfowiki=
 
=The Clinical Informatics Wiki -- Clinfowiki=
  

Revision as of 12:10, 20 April 2006

The Clinical Informatics Wiki -- Clinfowiki

The Clinical Informatics Wiki is an implementation of a wiki devoted to topics in clinical informatics.

Please see documentation on customizing the interface and the User's Guide for usage and configuration help.

You can test your edits as much as you want in the Sandbox.

We are currently working on 1,581 articles, and we need your help to complete this study of Clinical Informatics. See Special:Statistics for more complete information on the site.

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Systems

Computer-based Provider Order Entry -- CPOE

Clinical Decision Support -- CDS

Personal Health Records -- PHRs

Blueprint for a Comprehensive HIT System

Biobanking -- a.k.a. Biorepositories or Tissue Banks

Key Challenges to Biobanking

  1. Anonymizing, or de-identifying, samples to protect patient privacy
  2. Standardizing sample preparation, storage protocols
  3. Enabling interoperability and data exchange between biobanks
  4. Resolving issues such as who owns and controls specimens and refining informed consent practices as biobanking expands

Regional Health Information Organizations -- RHIOs

Evidence-Based Medicine -- EBM

U.S. Federal Health Information Technology Initiatives


International views

BlogPosium April 2006

External Links