View source for Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)

'''Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)''' is a major medical dictionary which links the major international terminologies into a common structure, allowing for efficient translation and [[interoperability]].

=='''Introduction'''==

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) integrates and distributes different medical vocabularies, coding standards and associated resources into a unified vocabulary to enable interoperability. 

The UMLS project started in 1986 at the National Library of Medicine to provide uniformity in clinical concepts and enhance the retrieval and exchange of computerized health information between coding systems and applications. The current architecture of the UMLS includes three knowledge resources; Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, SPECIALIST Lexicon and Lexical Tools.

Over the years many vocabularies have been developed to address specific needs of groups within the health care system and the biomedical industry. Examples of the many controlled languages included in the UMLS are; ICD-10 for International Classification of Diseases and related health problems, CPT-4 for procedure and supplies coding, MeSH for literature indexing, [[SNOMED|Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine (SNOMED)]] a comprehensive multilingual medical vocabulary and many others. 

The UMLS groups the different vocabularies under common concepts and defines relationships between these concepts and the terms within concepts. Vocabularies sometimes fall into more than one category and there are numerous ways to categorize them, some examples include; disease, diagnosis, nursing, drugs, genetics, anatomy, procedure and supplies. The UMLS includes an ever-growing number of vocabularies from different sources and is updated two times a year.


==='''UMLS knowledge sources''' ===

The UMLS has three knowledge sources that data are compiled into machine readable files. The Metathesaurus is the result of combining the different vocabularies (concepts). The Semantic Network defines 133 broad categories and 54 relationships for these categories. Every concept in the Metathesaurus is given one or more type. This helps to develop relationships between concepts in the Metathesaurus. The third knowledge source is the SPECIALIST lexicon. This is a lexicon of common English words and words accruing in the biomedical field. The SPECIALIST lexicon is used for natural language processing by the SPECIALIST [[natural language processing (NLP)|natural language processing system (NLP)]]. This lexicon also comes with a group of programs, which help with full text processing. These tools are capable of using free text, HTML and Medline abstracts as input and have a variety of outputs ranging from individual words, terms, multiword terms, phrases, sentences, and sections. There are also tools to normalize words and reorder phrases to help with indexing and matching. Also, tools are available to map text to UMLS concepts and concepts to text. These tools are available with a web-based interface, command line programs and Java APIs. The UMLS and its tools are available from the National Library of Medicine at no cost for developers and researchers after signing a license agreement.


* '''UMLS Metathesaurus'''
Creates include organization by concept, or meaning. Links similar meaning and same concepts from multiple vocabularies, the metathesaurus is the largest component of the UMLS. This is a multi platfrom tool that can be installed locally on your computer and is available at [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/new_users/online_learning/UMLST_004.html/ NLM MetamorphoSys].


* '''UMLS Semantic Network'''
Functions to provide a set of useful and important relationships (Semantic Relations),  to reduce complexity that exist between Semantic Types. Categories provide consistent categorization of all concepts represented in the UMLS Metathesaurus. Sample records that illustrate structure and content of these files can be found at the
[https://semanticnetwork.nlm.nih.gov/The UMLS Semantic Network]


* '''UMLS SPECIALIST lexicon'''
This tool is a general English lexicon that provides lexical information necessary for the SPECIALIST Natural Language Processing System (NLP) for many biomedical terms. Lexicon entries include the syntactic, morphological, and orthographic information needed by the SPECIALIST NLP System to normalize strings, generate lexical variants, and indexes.

== List of controlled vocabularies as of Nov 2019==

* [[AI/RHEUM (AIR)]]
* [[Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus (AOD)]]
* [[Alternative Billing Concepts (ALT)]]
* [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC)]]
* [[Authorized Osteopathic Thesaurus (AOT)]]
* [[Beth Israel Problem List (BI)]]
* [[BioCarta online maps of molecular pathways, adapted for NCI use (NCI_BioC)]]
* [[Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group Model (NCI_BRIDG)]]
* [[Cancer Research Center of Hawaii Nutrition Terminology (NCI_CRCH)]]
* [[Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program - Simple Disease Classification (NCI_CTEP-SDC)]]
* [[CDISC Glossary Terminology (NCI_CDISC-GLOSS)]]
* [[CDISC Terminology (NCI_CDISC)]]
* [[CDT (CDT)]]
* [[CDT in HCPCS (HCDT)]]
* [[Chemical Biology and Drug Development Vocabulary (NCI_CBDD)]]
* [[Clinical Care Classification (CCC)]]
* [[Clinical Classifications Software (CCS)]]
* [[Clinical Classifications Software 10 (CCS_10)]]
* [[Clinical Concepts by R A Miller (RAM)]]
* [[Clinical Problem Statements (CCPSS)]]
* [[Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI_CPTAC)]]
* [[Clinical Trials Reporting Program Terms (NCI_CTRP)]]
* [[Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI_CTCAE)]]
* [[Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 3.0 (NCI_CTCAE_3)]]
* [[Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 (NCI_CTCAE_5)]]
* [[Congenital Mental Retardation Syndromes (JABL)]]
* [[Consumer Health Vocabulary (CHV)]]
* [[Content Archive Resource Exchange Lexicon (NCI_CareLex)]]
* [[COSTAR (COSTAR)]]
* [[COSTART (CST)]]
* [[CPT]]
* [[CPT in HCPCS (HCPT)]]
* [[CPT Spanish (CPTSP)]]
* [[CRISP Thesaurus (CSP)]]
* [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)]]
* [[Digital Anatomist (UWDA)]]
* [[Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine Terms (NCI_DICOM)]]
* [[Diseases Database (DDB)]]
* [[DrugBank (DRUGBANK)]]
* [[DXplain (DXP)]]
* [[European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare Terms (NCI_EDQM-HC)]]
* [[FDA Structured Product Labels (MTHSPL)]]
* [[FDA Terminology (NCI_FDA)]]
* [[FDB MedKnowledge (NDDF)]]
* [[Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA)]]
* [[Gene Ontology (GO)]]
* [[Geopolitical Entities, Names, and Codes (GENC) Standard Edition 1 (NCI_GENC)]]
* [[Global Alignment of Immunization Safety Assessment in Pregnancy Terms (NCI_GAIA)]]
* [[Glossary of Clinical Epidemiologic Terms (MCM)]]
* [[Gold Standard Drug Database (GS)]]
* [[HCPCS - Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS)]]
* [[HCPCS Hierarchical Terms (UMLS) (MTHHH)]]
* [[HGNC]]
* [[HL7 Version 2.5 (HL7V2.5)]]
* [[HL7 Version 3.0 (HL7V3.0)]]
* [[HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)]]
* [[Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)]]
* [[ICD]]
* [[ICD-10 German (DMDICD10)]]
* [[ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD10PCS)]]
* [[ICD-10, American English Equivalents (ICD10AE)]]
* [[ICD-10, Australian Modification (ICD10AM)]]
* [[ICD-10, Australian Modification, Americanized English Equivalents (ICD10AMAE)]]
* [[ICD-9-CM Entry Terms (MTHICD9)]]
* [[ICD10, Dutch Translation (ICD10DUT)]]
* [[ICPC Basque (ICPCBAQ)]]
* [[ICPC Danish (ICPCDAN)]]
* [[ICPC Dutch (ICPCDUT)]]
* [[ICPC Finnish (ICPCFIN)]]
* [[ICPC French (ICPCFRE)]]
* [[ICPC German (ICPCGER)]]
* [[ICPC Hebrew (ICPCHEB)]]
* [[ICPC Hungarian (ICPCHUN)]]
* [[ICPC Italian (ICPCITA)]]
* [[ICPC Norwegian (ICPCNOR)]]
* [[ICPC Portuguese (ICPCPOR)]]
* [[ICPC Spanish (ICPCSPA)]]
* [[ICPC Swedish (ICPCSWE)]]
* [[ICPC-2 PLUS (ICPC2P)]]
* [[ICPC2-ICD10 Thesaurus (ICPC2ICD10ENG)]]
* [[ICPC2-ICD10 Thesaurus, Dutch Translation (ICPC2ICD10DUT)]]
* [[ICPC2E American English Equivalents (MTHICPC2EAE)]]
* [[ICPC2E Dutch (ICPC2EDUT)]]
* [[ICPC2E ICD10 Relationships (HLREL)]]
* [[ICPC2E-ICD10 Thesaurus, American English Equivalents (MTHICPC2ICD10AE)]]
* [[International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)]]
* [[International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD10)]]
* [[International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD9CM)]]
* [[International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD10CM)]]
* [[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)]]
* [[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)]]
* [[International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC)]]
* [[International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd Edition, Electronic (ICPC2EENG)]]
* [[International Conference on Harmonization Terms (NCI_ICH)]]
* [[International Neonatal Consortium (NCI_INC)]]
* [[Jackson Laboratories Mouse Terminology, adapted for NCI use (NCI_JAX)]]
* [[KEGG Pathway Database Terms (NCI_KEGG)]]
* [[Korean Standard Classification of Disease Version 5 (KCD5)]]
* [[Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCH)]]
* [[Library of Congress Subject Headings, Northwestern University subset (LCH_NW)]]
* [[LOINC]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Chinese, China (LNC-ZH-CN)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Dutch, Netherlands (LNC-NL-NL)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Estonian, Estonia (LNC-ET-EE)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - French, Belgium (LNC-FR-BE)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - French, Canada (LNC-FR-CA)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - French, France (LNC-FR-FR)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - French, Switzerland (LNC-FR-CH)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - German, Austria (LNC-DE-AT)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - German, Germany (LNC-DE-DE)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - German, Switzerland (LNC-DE-CH)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Greek, Greece (LNC-EL-GR)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Italian, Italy (LNC-IT-IT)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Italian, Switzerland (LNC-IT-CH)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Korea, Korean (LNC-KO-KR)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Portuguese, Brazil (LNC-PT-BR)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Russian, Russia (LNC-RU-RU)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Spanish, Argentina (LNC-ES-AR)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Spanish, Spain (LNC-ES-ES)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Spanish, Switzerland (LNC-ES-CH)]]
* [[LOINC Linguistic Variant - Turkish, Turkey (LNC-TR-TR)]]
* [[Manufacturers of Vaccines (MVX)]]
* [[MEDCIN (MEDCIN)]]
* [[MedDRA (MDR)]]
* [[MedDRA Czech (MDRCZE)]]
* [[MedDRA Dutch (MDRDUT)]]
* [[MedDRA French (MDRFRE)]]
* [[MedDRA German (MDRGER)]]
* [[MedDRA Hungarian (MDRHUN)]]
* [[MedDRA Italian (MDRITA)]]
* [[MedDRA Japanese (MDRJPN)]]
* [[MedDRA Portuguese (MDRPOR)]]
* [[MedDRA Russian (MDRRUS)]]
* [[MedDRA Spanish (MDRSPA)]]
* [[Medical Entities Dictionary (CPM)]]
* [[Medication Reference Terminology (MED-RT)]]
* [[MedlinePlus Health Topics (MEDLINEPLUS)]]
* [[MeSH (MSH)]]
* [[MeSH Croatian (MSHSCR)]]
* [[MeSH Czech (MSHCZE)]]
* [[MeSH Dutch (MSHDUT)]]
* [[MeSH Finnish (MSHFIN)]]
* [[MeSH French (MSHFRE)]]
* [[MeSH German (MSHGER)]]
* [[MeSH Italian (MSHITA)]]
* [[MeSH Japanese (MSHJPN)]]
* [[MeSH Latvian (MSHLAV)]]
* [[MeSH Norwegian (MSHNOR)]]
* [[MeSH Polish (MSHPOL)]]
* [[MeSH Portuguese (MSHPOR)]]
* [[MeSH Russian (MSHRUS)]]
* [[MeSH Spanish (MSHSPA)]]
* [[MeSH Swedish (MSHSWE)]]
* [[Metathesaurus CMS Formulary Reference File (MTHCMSFRF)]]
* [[Metathesaurus Names (MTH)]]
* [[Micromedex (MMX)]]
* [[Minimal Standard Terminology (UMLS) (MTHMST)]]
* [[Minimal Standard Terminology French (UMLS) (MTHMSTFRE)]]
* [[Minimal Standard Terminology Italian (UMLS) (MTHMSTITA)]]
* [[Multum (MMSL)]]
* [[NANDA-I Taxonomy (NANDA-I)]]
* [[National Cancer Institute Nature Pathway Interaction Database Terms (NCI_PID)]]
* [[National Drug File (VANDF)]]
* [[National Uniform Claim Committee - Health Care Provider Taxonomy (NUCCPT)]]
* [[NCBI Taxonomy (NCBI)]]
* [[NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program (NCI_DTP)]]
* [[NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms (NCI_NCI-GLOSS)]]
* [[NCI Division of Cancer Prevention Program Terms (NCI_DCP)]]
* [[NCI Health Level 7 (NCI_NCI-HL7)]]
* [[NCI HUGO Gene Nomenclature (NCI_NCI-HGNC)]]
* [[NCI SEER ICD Mappings (NCISEER)]]
* [[NCI Thesaurus (NCI)]]
* [[NCPDP Terminology (NCI_NCPDP)]]
* [[Neuronames Brain Hierarchy (NEU)]]
* [[NICHD Terminology (NCI_NICHD)]]
* [[Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)]]
* [[Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)]]
* [[Omaha System (OMS)]]
* [[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)]]
* [[Patient Care Data Set (PCDS)]]
* [[Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)]]
* [[Pharmacy Practice Activity Classification (PPAC)]]
* [[Physician Data Query (PDQ)]]
* [[Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Terms (NCI_PI-RADS)]]
* [[Psychological Index Terms (PSY)]]
* [[Quick Medical Reference (QMR)]]
* [[Read Codes (RCD)]]
* [[Read Codes Am Engl (RCDAE)]]
* [[Read Codes Am Synth (RCDSA)]]
* [[Read Codes Synth (RCDSY)]]
* [[Registry Nomenclature Information System (NCI_RENI)]]
* [[RxNorm]]
* [[SNOMED]]
* [[SNOMED 1982 (SNM)]]
* [[SNOMED CT Spanish Edition (SCTSPA)]]
* [[SNOMED CT, US Edition (SNOMEDCT_US)]]
* [[SNOMED CT, Veterinary Extension (SNOMEDCT_VET)]]
* [[SNOMED Intl 1998 (SNMI)]]
* [[Source of Payment Typology (SOP)]]
* [[Source Terminology Names (UMLS) (SRC)]]
* [[Standard Product Nomenclature (SPN)]]
* [[Traditional Korean Medical Terms (TKMT)]]
* [[U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Terms (NCI_CDC)]]
* [[UltraSTAR (ULT)]]
* [[UMDNS (UMD)]]
* [[UMDNS German (DMDUMD)]]
* [[Unified Code for Units of Measure (NCI_UCUM)]]
* [[USP Compendial Nomenclature (USP)]]
* [[USP Model Guidelines (USPMG)]]
* [[Vaccines Administered (CVX)]]
* [[WHOART (WHO)]]
* [[WHOART French (WHOFRE)]]
* [[WHOART German (WHOGER)]]
* [[WHOART Portuguese (WHOPOR)]]
* [[WHOART Spanish (WHOSPA)]]
* [[Zebrafish Model Organism Database Terms (NCI_ZFin)]]

== References ==
Sinha P., Sunder G., Bendale P., Mantri M, & Dande A. Electronic Health Record: Standards, Coding Systems, Frameworks, and Infrastructures. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2013. CHAPTER 16 PAGES 161-168


National Library of medicine (NIH). UMLS Metathesaurus Vocabulary Documentation. last updated November 2019. Taken 1/15/2020 from; https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/sourcereleasedocs/index.html


McCray AT, Burgun A, Bodenreider O. Aggregating UMLS semantic types for reducing conceptual complexity. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2001;84(Pt 1):216–220.



== updates of page ==
[[Category:Terminology and Coding]]
[[Category:Definition]]
[[Category:OHSU-SP-06]]
Update of page submitted by (Lace Velk)
[[Category:BMI512-SPRING-20]]