Difference between revisions of "Publication Bias"
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| − | Publication bias, a type of [[reporting bias]], | + | Publication bias, a type of [[reporting bias]], is defined by the Cochrane Collaboration <ref name= "Cochrane2011">Sterne JAC, Egger M, Moher D (editors). Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from http://www.cochrane-handbook.org</ref> as "publication or non-publication of research findings, depending on the nature and direction of the results" and by Dickersin <ref name= "Dickersin1990"> Dickersin K. The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. JAMA. 1990, Mar 9;263(10):1385-1389.</ref> as "the tendency on the parts of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study finding." It was first postulated in the psychology <ref name= "Sterling1959">Sterling TD. Publication decisions and their possible effects on inferences drawn from tests of significance – or vice versa. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1959;54:30-34.</ref> and education <ref name= "Smith1980">Smith ML. Publication bias and meta-analysis . Evaluation Educ. 1980;4:22-24.</ref> literature, but has since been shown to be a factor in medicine as well.<ref name= "Simes1987">Simes RJ. Confronting publication bias: a cohort design for meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 1987;6:11-29.</ref> |
| + | == Evidence of publication bias == | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Calls for clinical trial registration == | ||
| + | One mechanism that has been proposed to counteract publication bias is mandatory [[Clinical trial registry|registration of all clinical trials]] prior to their onset. In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) published a statement announcing that their member journals would begin requiring "... as a condition of consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrollment."<ref name= "DeAngelis2004">DeAngelis CD, Drazen JM, Frizelle FA, et al. Clinical Trial Registration: A Statement From the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1363-1364. </ref> The 2013 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki included the statement that "Every research study involving human subjects must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject."<ref name= "Helsinki2013">World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-2194. </ref> Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that this requirement is frequently ignored. As an example, a study of cardiovascular trial registration that showed that | ||
== References: == | == References: == | ||
| − | + | <references> | |
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Submitted by Jennifer Aucoin | Submitted by Jennifer Aucoin | ||
[[Category:Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)]] | [[Category:Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)]] | ||
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[[Category:BMI512-SPRING-15]] | [[Category:BMI512-SPRING-15]] | ||
Revision as of 00:07, 29 April 2015
Publication bias, a type of reporting bias, is defined by the Cochrane Collaboration [1] as "publication or non-publication of research findings, depending on the nature and direction of the results" and by Dickersin [2] as "the tendency on the parts of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study finding." It was first postulated in the psychology [3] and education [4] literature, but has since been shown to be a factor in medicine as well.[5]
Evidence of publication bias
Calls for clinical trial registration
One mechanism that has been proposed to counteract publication bias is mandatory registration of all clinical trials prior to their onset. In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) published a statement announcing that their member journals would begin requiring "... as a condition of consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrollment."[6] The 2013 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki included the statement that "Every research study involving human subjects must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject."[7] Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that this requirement is frequently ignored. As an example, a study of cardiovascular trial registration that showed that
References:
- ↑ Sterne JAC, Egger M, Moher D (editors). Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from http://www.cochrane-handbook.org
- ↑ Dickersin K. The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. JAMA. 1990, Mar 9;263(10):1385-1389.
- ↑ Sterling TD. Publication decisions and their possible effects on inferences drawn from tests of significance – or vice versa. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1959;54:30-34.
- ↑ Smith ML. Publication bias and meta-analysis . Evaluation Educ. 1980;4:22-24.
- ↑ Simes RJ. Confronting publication bias: a cohort design for meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 1987;6:11-29.
- ↑ DeAngelis CD, Drazen JM, Frizelle FA, et al. Clinical Trial Registration: A Statement From the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1363-1364.
- ↑ World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-2194.
