https://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&feed=atom&action=historyWhat interventions should pharmacists employ to impact health practitioners' prescribing practices? - Revision history2024-03-28T11:49:11ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.22.4https://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=14618&oldid=prevAnnathehybrid at 15:09, 8 February 20122012-02-08T15:09:46Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:09, 8 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Comments ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Comments ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 20:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The results of this systematic review are ambiguous about the impact of computerized decision support systems (CDSS) on prescribing practices. One study determined that CDSS that provided recommendations at the point of decision making was the most effective form of reminder for impacting clinician’s prescribing behavior. Another study also found that the effect of computer generated reminders decreased once this intervention was discontinued. But four other systematic reviews found CDSS to be inconsistently useful in impacting medication dosing and preventive care system. As CDSS systems mature and are widely adopted, more studies need to be undertaken to disambiguate the role of CDSS in influencing prescribing practices of physicians.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The results of this systematic review are ambiguous about the impact of computerized decision support systems (CDSS) on prescribing practices. One study determined that CDSS that provided recommendations at the point of decision making was the most effective form of reminder for impacting clinician’s prescribing behavior. Another study also found that the effect of computer generated reminders decreased once this intervention was discontinued. But four other systematic reviews found CDSS to be inconsistently useful in impacting medication dosing and preventive care system. As CDSS systems mature and are widely adopted, more studies need to be undertaken to disambiguate the role of CDSS in influencing prescribing practices of physicians.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== References ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"># Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What interventions should pharmacists employ to impact health practitioners' prescribing practices? Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16896025]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Annathehybridhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=14617&oldid=prevAnnathehybrid at 15:09, 8 February 20122012-02-08T15:09:06Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:09, 8 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices</del>?<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del>Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interventions should pharmacists employ </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">impact health practitioners' prescribing practices</ins>? Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Introduction ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drug therapies prescribed by physicians do not always align with the best available clinical evidence. Pharmacists help bridge this gap by reviewing medication orders and by influencing prescribing practices of physicians. Interventions employed by pharmacists could be reminders, audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational efforts, and patient-mediated strategies. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate which interventions are most effective in influencing physicians’ prescribing practices. This systematic review attempts to synthesize data from multiple systematic studies in this area in order to identify trends, limit bias and improve reliability of results.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drug therapies prescribed by physicians do not always align with the best available clinical evidence. Pharmacists help bridge this gap by reviewing medication orders and by influencing prescribing practices of physicians. Interventions employed by pharmacists could be reminders, audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational efforts, and patient-mediated strategies. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate which interventions are most effective in influencing physicians’ prescribing practices. This systematic review attempts to synthesize data from multiple systematic studies in this area in order to identify trends, limit bias and improve reliability of results.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' </del>Comments <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== </ins>Comments <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rapidly emerging new information about efficacy, risks and cost effectiveness of drug therapies requires pharmacists to play an increasingly important role in optimizing patient care and in guiding physicians’ prescribing practices. This study will help pharmacists to select the most effective strategies that can maximize the limited time and resources at their disposal.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rapidly emerging new information about efficacy, risks and cost effectiveness of drug therapies requires pharmacists to play an increasingly important role in optimizing patient care and in guiding physicians’ prescribing practices. This study will help pharmacists to select the most effective strategies that can maximize the limited time and resources at their disposal.  </div></td></tr>
</table>Annathehybridhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=14615&oldid=prevAnnathehybrid: moved What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners' Prescribing Practices? to What interventions should pharmacists employ to impact health practitioners' prescribing practices?2012-02-08T15:08:04Z<p>moved <a href="/wiki/index.php/What_Interventions_Should_Pharmacists_Employ_to_Impact_Health_Practitioners%27_Prescribing_Practices%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners' Prescribing Practices?">What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners' Prescribing Practices?</a> to <a href="/wiki/index.php/What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F" title="What interventions should pharmacists employ to impact health practitioners' prescribing practices?">What interventions should pharmacists employ to impact health practitioners' prescribing practices?</a></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:08, 8 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;'><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div>
</td></tr></table>Annathehybridhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=13060&oldid=prevNdgoldstein at 17:45, 11 November 20112011-11-11T17:45:51Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:45, 11 November 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Move </del>Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Ndgoldsteinhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=13059&oldid=prevNdgoldstein at 17:45, 11 November 20112011-11-11T17:45:37Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:45, 11 November 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Move Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drug therapies prescribed by physicians do not always align with the best available clinical evidence. Pharmacists help bridge this gap by reviewing medication orders and by influencing prescribing practices of physicians. Interventions employed by pharmacists could be reminders, audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational efforts, and patient-mediated strategies. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate which interventions are most effective in influencing physicians’ prescribing practices. This systematic review attempts to synthesize data from multiple systematic studies in this area in order to identify trends, limit bias and improve reliability of results.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Drug therapies prescribed by physicians do not always align with the best available clinical evidence. Pharmacists help bridge this gap by reviewing medication orders and by influencing prescribing practices of physicians. Interventions employed by pharmacists could be reminders, audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational efforts, and patient-mediated strategies. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate which interventions are most effective in influencing physicians’ prescribing practices. This systematic review attempts to synthesize data from multiple systematic studies in this area in order to identify trends, limit bias and improve reliability of results.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This study was a systematic review of 34 systematic reviews published after 1994. The results of this study indicate that  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This study was a systematic review of 34 systematic reviews published after 1994. The results of this study indicate that  </div></td></tr>
</table>Ndgoldsteinhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=13057&oldid=prevNdgoldstein: moved Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57 to [[What Interventions Should Pharmacists Emplo...2011-11-11T17:45:02Z<p>moved <a href="/wiki/index.php/Kelly_A_Grindrod,_Payal_Patel,_Janet_E_Martin._What_Interventions_Should_Pharmacists_Employ_to_Impact_Health_Practitioners%E2%80%99_Prescribing_Practices%3F.Annals_of_Pharmacotherapy_2006;_40:1546-57" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57">Kelly A Grindrod, Payal Patel, Janet E Martin. What Interventions Should Pharmacists Employ to Impact Health Practitioners’ Prescribing Practices?.Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006; 40:1546-57</a> to [[What Interventions Should Pharmacists Emplo...</p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:45, 11 November 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;'><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div>
</td></tr></table>Ndgoldsteinhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=9068&oldid=prevArildf: Reverted edit of C010ss, changed back to last version by Jyotsna2010-09-30T06:19:29Z<p>Reverted edit of C010ss, changed back to last version by Jyotsna</p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:19, 30 September 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.ny-liability-insurance.com/ Liability insurance NY]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Arildfhttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=9067&oldid=prevC010ss at 16:25, 29 September 20102010-09-29T16:25:29Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:25, 29 September 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.ny-liability-insurance.com/ Liability insurance NY]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>C010sshttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=4615&oldid=prevJyotsna at 17:40, 28 October 20062006-10-28T17:40:42Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:40, 28 October 2006</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Comments '''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''' Comments '''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rapidly emerging new information about efficacy, risks and cost effectiveness of drug therapies requires pharmacists to play an increasingly important role in optimizing patient care and in guiding physicians’ prescribing practices. This study will help pharmacists to select the most effective strategies that can maximize the limited time and resources at their disposal.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rapidly emerging new information about efficacy, risks and cost effectiveness of drug therapies requires pharmacists to play an increasingly important role in optimizing patient care and in guiding physicians’ prescribing practices. This study will help pharmacists to select the most effective strategies that can maximize the limited time and resources at their disposal.  </div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotsnahttps://clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=What_interventions_should_pharmacists_employ_to_impact_health_practitioners%27_prescribing_practices%3F&diff=4614&oldid=prevJyotsna at 17:40, 28 October 20062006-10-28T17:40:20Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Drug therapies prescribed by physicians do not always align with the best available clinical evidence. Pharmacists help bridge this gap by reviewing medication orders and by influencing prescribing practices of physicians. Interventions employed by pharmacists could be reminders, audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational efforts, and patient-mediated strategies. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate which interventions are most effective in influencing physicians’ prescribing practices. This systematic review attempts to synthesize data from multiple systematic studies in this area in order to identify trends, limit bias and improve reliability of results. <br />
This study was a systematic review of 34 systematic reviews published after 1994. The results of this study indicate that <br />
<br />
* Reminders (manual and computerized), audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, organizational strategies and patient-mediated interventions were consistently effective i.e. they were effective in more than 70% of the clinical trials described within the systematic reviews under study<br />
* Computer decision support systems and educational meetings were inconsistently effective interventions i.e. were effective in 50-69% of clinical trials<br />
* Didactic sessions and passive dissemination of information were of uncertain effectiveness i.e. they were effective in less than 50% of the clinical trials.<br />
* Multifaceted interventions such as audit and feedback in combination with either reminders or academic detailing are determined to be more effective that single interventions<br />
* There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effect of interventions on patient outcomes. Of 12 systematic reviews that were examined the effect on patient outcomes, 8 showed positive results of these interventions.<br />
<br />
'''<br />
Comments '''<br />
<br />
Rapidly emerging new information about efficacy, risks and cost effectiveness of drug therapies requires pharmacists to play an increasingly important role in optimizing patient care and in guiding physicians’ prescribing practices. This study will help pharmacists to select the most effective strategies that can maximize the limited time and resources at their disposal. <br />
<br />
Further studies that determine the impact of drug programs by employing restrictive policies such as formularies and limited reimbursements should be encouraged to clearly demonstrate their effectiveness.<br />
<br />
The results of this systematic review are ambiguous about the impact of computerized decision support systems (CDSS) on prescribing practices. One study determined that CDSS that provided recommendations at the point of decision making was the most effective form of reminder for impacting clinician’s prescribing behavior. Another study also found that the effect of computer generated reminders decreased once this intervention was discontinued. But four other systematic reviews found CDSS to be inconsistently useful in impacting medication dosing and preventive care system. As CDSS systems mature and are widely adopted, more studies need to be undertaken to disambiguate the role of CDSS in influencing prescribing practices of physicians.</div>Jyotsna